ArchWar. Dominance and mass-violence through Housing and Architecture during colonial wars. The Portuguese case (Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique): colonial documentation and post-independence critical assessment.
What was the role of Architecture supporting Portuguese colonialism during the colonial war (1961-74)? Starting from the scarce bibliography that questions Architecture, Colonialism and War, but also pondering the interplay between Violence and Colonialism, the research focuses on the production of Housing during the liberation wars in the former Portuguese Continental Africa, and its repercussions in the immediate post-independence of Guinea-Bissau, Angola and Mozambique.
The team is composed of Portuguese, Angolan, Mozambican and Guinean researchers, architects, historians and archivists.
ISCTE-IUL
Filipa Fiúza (Co-PI)
c.1968 [PT/AHU]
Summary
The research will assess how this housing terminology was used by different agents and its post-independence reformulation. Supported by international State of the Art, these reading keys will be applied to the Portuguese case testing new approaches, highlighting the war effort in the maintenance of colonialism and use of housing as a “weapon”, both in counterinsurgency operations and restrictions on colonial populations mobility, through modern strategic planning and urban zoning.
It entails 2 phases:
1)assessment of the housing production carried out in the last 14 years of colonialism (and late Salazarism), considering the colonial society and the 3 agents of Colonial Public Works (CPW) involved, through archival and documentary treatment, cartography and historical description;
2)its identification and critical analysis in the immediate period of 1974/75 (abandonment, reconfiguration, appropriation) and its contribution to inequality in access and housing quality (plastic, technical, functional) by post-independence societies.
The research explores the role of war in the emergence of control mechanisms based on Architecture and Urbanism, taking housing as epicentral. It observes 3 scenarios:
a)Middle-class and affordable urban expansion neighborhoods, built over slums, to lodge and control populations;
b)Settlements located in strategic economic areas;
c)Rural resettlements resulting from the massive displacement of African peasants.
A continuous reading between colonization and post-independence will be traced, relating the current right to housing with the different residential infrastructures inherited from the colonial period.
In the 1st phase, the study considers 3 groups of inhabitants involved in colonial narratives:
a)European settlers;
b)Assimilados;
c)African populations.
It analyzes urban and rural landscapes and identifies the 3 main colonial agents:
a)Self-employed Architects, in urban environments, using the architectural culture on collective housing programs;
b)Technicians (architects, engineers and others) from the different CPW departments, intervening on urban and rural territories, focused on compromise solutions between a disciplinary approach (idealistic) and an efficient response (pragmatic) to meet quantitative demands, with relative success in cities (medium-scale neighborhoods for African workers) and settlements of natural resources exploitation (agricultural and mineral);
c)Military with different backgrounds, making use of orthogonal grids and standardization techniques, with significant efficiency in the production of single-family housing for rural populations.
Their performance will be analyzed and described within the methodologies of Architecture, Urbanism and History, based on concepts related to practices of CPW, such as
i)Segregation;
ii)Control in design;
iii)Standardizatio;
iv)Modernization;
v)Design with the climate;
vi)Mass-violence;
vii)Villagisation.
Specific roles played by corporative and non-governmental institutions as Gulbenkian in war zones will be considered at this point. Studying 3 countries from a comparative perspective will allow to approach Portuguese colonial practices comprehensively and identify national specificities. Overseas and Military Historical Archives have extensive documentation from CPW and military departments on housing production (architecture, urban plans, reports). Its treatment by the current project will make it accessible to the scientific community.
Team
The team is composed of Portuguese, Angolan, Mozambican and Guinean researchers, architects, historians and archivists.
Ana Canas Delgado Martins
RESEARCHER
António Pereira Gameiro
Researcher
Jéssica Lage
Researcher
Maria Alice Vaz de Almeida Mendes Correia
RESEARCHER
Tenente-Coronel Joaquim da Cunha Roberto
RESEARCHER
Ricardo Costa Agarez
Researcher
Gonçalo Margato
Researcher
Results
CONFERENCES
II International Congress on Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes: Architecture, Colonialism and War”, 18-20 de Janeiro de 2023, na Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
MISSIONS
Guiné-Bissau, November 2021, AVM, FF, FV
Moçambique, July 2022, AVM, ILR, PN
Angola, 17-27 August 2023, AVM, FF, APG
Angola, 24-31 August 2024, AVM, FF, MAC
PUBLICATIONS
Correia, M.A. (2022), “Arquitecturas nativas de Luanda – Angola”, Revista do festival Saranani, 3, p.70-71
Cunha Roberto, J. (2022), Ultramar Colonial (1961-1974). O modo português de fazer a guerra. Lisboa: Manufactura, 2022. ISBN 978-972-559-445-2
Henrique, S. (2022), “Portuguese public opinion at the time of the Boletim e Annaes do Conselho Ultramarino”, in, Adelaide Vieira Machado, Isadora Ataíde Fonseca, Sandra Maria Calvinho Ataíde Lobo, Robert Newman (eds.), Creating and Opposing Empire. Londres, Reino Unido: Routledge, 2022, p.121-138. https://doi.org/ 10.4324/9780429282270-9
Milheiro, Ana Vaz (2023). “Wartime residential rural landscapes The Guinea-Bissau case during the colonial/liberation war with the Portuguese (1963-1974)”, Cogent Arts & Humanities (Q2)
Milheiro, Ana Vaz (2023). “‘A decent home for every family’. Portuguese strategies in housing promotion for ‘economically weak’ African populations during the Colonial War – The Salazar Foundation (1969-78)”, JSAH – Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians JSAH-2021-OA-041 (Q2)
Milheiro, A.V.; Rodrigues, I.L. (2022), Optimistic Suburbia. Full Papers’ Booklet. Optimistic Suburbia 2 – International Conference Middle-Class Mass Housing Complexes, Publisher: AMDJAC, pp- 5-7.
Noormahomed, P. (2022), “Towards the definition of an ever-changing heritage: A reading of the (re)appropriation processes of the Torres Vermelhas in Mozambique”. Curator, 65 (3): 623-642. doi:10.1111/cura.12506
Noormahomed, P. (2021), “Social housing and urban segregation in late colonial Mozambique”. Proceedings of the 16th International Docomomo Conference 2020+1 – Inheritable Resilience – Sharing Values of Global Modernities, 1, p.392-397
Rodrigues, I.L. (2022). “When Modern Housing Built Optimistic Suburbia: A Comparative Analysis Between Lisbon and Luanda”. Urban Planning (ISSN: 2183–7635), Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 130–143, https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i3.5221
Rodrigues, I.L. (2021), “New Housing in Angola, From Modernity to Contemporaneity. The role of the Portuguese star system in Luanda’s urban growth”. Proceedings of Grand Projects. Urban legacies of the late 20th century, 273-287. Lisbon: Iscte [ISBN 978-989-781-551-5]
Serrazina, B. (2023, no prelo), “Colonial enterprises and urban design in Africa: transnational knowledge, local agency and the Diamond Company of Angola (1917-1975)”, in Vera Egbers, Christa Kamleithner, Özge Sezer, Alexandra Skedzuhn-Safir (eds.), Architectures of Colonialism: constructed histories, conflicting memories. Basle: Birkhäuser.
Serrazina, B. (2023, no prelo), “Mining Empires: companies, transnational knowledge and space in de-colonial Africa”, Les Cahiers d’Histoire: Dialogues Without Borders (and Boundaries) in Imperial History (eds. Astrid Girault, Soheila Ghaziri, Laurence Monnais).
Serrazina, B. (2023, no prelo), “Building the fringes of Empire: mining companies, transnational experts, race and space in colonial Africa”. Felipe Hernández and Itohan Osayimwese (eds.), Routledge Critical Companion to Race and Architecture, Routledge.
Serrazina, B. (2023), “Industrial colonial heritage: shared and transnational?”, in Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo, Walter Rossa and Nuno Lopes (eds.), Other landscapes of Cultural Heritage(s): history and politics, Coimbra University Press.
Serrazina, B. (2022, no prelo), “Colonial enterprises and urban design in Africa: transnational knowledge, local agency and the Diamond Company of Angola (1917-1975)”, in Alice Santiago Faria, Renata Malcher de Araújo, Margarida Tavares da Conceição (eds.), Technical and Scientific Training in the Construction of Empires. On the quest of Learning Places. Routledge.
Serrazina, B. (2022), “Housing, mining and forced labour in late colonial Angola”, in Jane Webster and Mark Leone (org.), Oxford Handbook of the Comparative Archaeology of Slavery. Oxford University Press
Serrazina, B. (2022), “Industrial colonial heritage: shared and transnational?”, in Nuno Lopes and Walter Rossa (org.), The Heritage of Portuguese Influence in Comparative Perspectives: History and Politics. Sussex Academic Press
Vita, F. (2023). The entanglement between traditions and the colonial spatiality. The resilience of the Guinean domesticities in the Ajuda Neighbourhood, Bissau. In Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 24, pp. 39-50.
Vita, F. (2023). Uma Guiné Melhor”: the psychological action and the spatialization of population control in rural areas. The strategic villages in Guinea-Bissau between 1968-1973. In Africana Studia, 39, pp. 59-69.
PRESENTATIONS (International)
Canas D. M., Ana; Portugal, M.M., Henrique, S. (2023), “Accessing to the records of colonial public works in the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino: an open challenge”, II International Congress. Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 19 de Janeiro.
Correia, M.A. (2022), “A África e as suas curiosidades, o caso Angola”, Festival Saranani – Fundação Altiplano, online, México e Chile. (Pesquisa dum grupo de indivíduos de origem Khoisan no Bairro Rocha na cidade do Tombwa na província do Namibe em Angola – foi realizado um levantamento sobre as suas residências e o modo de vida local).
Correia, M.A.; José, H. (2023), “A Path to the Future: the Importance of Bantu’s signs in Angola’s Architecture”. II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 19 de Janeiro.
Correia, M.A.; Rodrigues, I.L. (2023), “Urban Planning: The model adopted for Luanda”, II International Congress. Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 18-20 de Janeiro.
Correia, M.A.; Inglês, A.C.; Amado, M.P. (2023), “Public Spaces in Luanda from colonial administration to independence times”, II International Congress. Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 18-20 de Janeiro.
Cunha Roberto, J. (2023), “Settlements and Local Recruitment in Portuguese Overseas Territories (Angola, Guinea, and Mozambique)”, II International Congress. Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 19 de Janeiro.
Henrique, S. (2023), “The Overseas Historical Archive “Public Works” database: a valuable finding aid to study the heritage of a colonized Africa by the Portuguese Architecture”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 19 de Janeiro.
Milheiro, A.V.; Fiúza, Filipa (2023), Archwar – Dominance and mass-violence through Housing and Architecture during colonial wars. The Portuguese case (Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique): colonial documentation and post-independence critical assessment, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 19 de Janeiro.
Milheiro, A.V. (2023), “Settling the African population in colonial urban centres: Residential strategies in the service of the war effort (1961-1974)”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 20 de Janeiro.
Milheiro, Ana Vaz (2022), “What Portuguese late colonialism? Residential strategies in the service of the war effort (1961-1974)”, Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments – IASTE 2022 Singapore: “rupture and tradition- disruption, continuity, repercussions”, 13-17 Dezembro.
Milheiro, A.V. (2022), “Architecture between colonisation and independence: being a woman architect in the former Portuguese sub-Saharan colonial territories (1953-1980)”, session “Women in Architecture: The African Exchange”, SAH 2022 Annual International Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 27 Abril – 1 Maio.
Milheiro, A.V. (2021), “Wartime residential landscapes: the Portuguese colonial case (1961-1974) and its trace in the contemporary territory”, Working Group 5 Housing in Developing Countries, ENHR 2021 – European Network of Housing Researchers conference, online, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 30 Agosto – 2 Setembro
Milheiro, A.V. (2021), “Paisagens coloniais africanas – Arquitectura, Infraestruturas e Guerra”, 14° Seminário Docomomo Brasil – Belém do Pará, Online 29 Outubro
Noormahomed, P. (2023, aceite), “The art of inhabiting and its marks of decolonisation of the modern architecture of Mozambique”, session “Anth20: African futures and the current decolonial turn”, ECAS2023 Conference: African Futures, Colonia, 31 Maio – 3 Julho.
Noormahomed, P. (2023), “One-size-fits-all? The collective housing model of Junta dos Bairros e Casas Populares in late colonial Mozambique”, session 5 “The Architectures of War in Lusophone Africa and Beyond”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 19 de Janeiro.
Noormahomed, P. (2022), “Exploring modern interiors in Mozambique”, session “Post-war. International expansion”, 17th International DOCOMOMO Conference “Modern Design: Social Commitment & Quality of Life”, Valencia, 6-9 Setembro (publicado nas actas).
Noormahomed, P. (2021), “Social Housing and urban segregation in late colonial Mozambique”, 16th International DOCOMOMO Conference “Inheritable Resilience: Sharing Values of Global Modernities”, sessão 3-f “Modern Housing towards a resilient city”, 31 de Agosto
Noormahomed, P. (2021), “Reading modern architecture in Mozambique as a palimpsest of (re)appropriations”, Symposium on Modern Heritage of Africa – MoHoA, sessão “Whose shared heritage?”, 23 de Setembro
Rodrigues, I.L. (2023), “Industrialization takes command. The role of construction companies in housing impetus during the Portuguese colonial war in Luanda”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 20 de Janeiro.
Rodrigues, I.L. (2021), “Research’s strategies on Middle-Class Mass Housing”. Keynote in the Training School, Public housing policies for rehousing: Development, valuation and future. Madrid as a paradigma, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 4/10/2021
Rodrigues, I.L. (2021), “Discovering the Paths of Modern Architecture through Middle-Class Mass Housing: from Lisbon to Luanda. “Unsettled Settlements: Housing in Unstable Contexts”, WG 11 – Residential Buildings and Architectural Design, European Network for Housing Research, 2/09/2021 [online]
Rodrigues, I.L. (2021); “New Housing in Angola, From Modernity to Contemporaneity”. The role of the Portuguese star system in Luanda’s urban growth. Conference Grand Projects. Urban legacies of the late 20thcentury, ISCTE (Lisboa, Portugal), 19/02/2021 [online]
Rodrigues, I.L; Núñez, P.; Goycoolea, R. (2021), “Mi casa es ahora patrimonio. ¿Debo alegrarme o maldecir a quienes lo pidieron?”, 6º Colóquio da RIGPAC: City branding, globalização e património, 16/09/2021
Serrazina, B. (2023, aceite), “Shared colonial heritage at the fringes of Empire”, 76th Annual International Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians (SAH), Virtual, 20 – 22 Setembro.
Serrazina, B. (2023), “De-Stabilizing War Agendas: Company Rule and Spatial Disruption in Late Colonial Angola”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 18-120 de Janeiro.
Serrazina, B. (2022), “Building resilience: workers’ villages in late colonial Angola”, IASTE 2022: Rupture and Tradition – Disruption, Continuity and Repercurssions, Singapura, 14 – 17 Dezembro.
Serrazina, B. (2022), “Company spaces and colonial heritage: the resilience of grey architecture”, Conferência Heritage(s): Past, present, future, org. por Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo (Universidade de Coimbra) e Mariana Pinto Leitão Pereira (Universidade de Cambridge), Coimbra, 7 Abril.
Serrazina, B. (2022), “On building Empires: colonial companies, spatial planning and the circulation of knowledge”, Learning Places, Lisboa, 03 a 04 de Fevereiro
Serrazina, B. (2021), “Expanding the Copperbelt: Crossborder connections with Angola”, Comparing the Copperbelt: Social history and knowledge production in Central Africa, Oxford, 18 a 19 de Junho
Serrazina, B. (2021), “Colonial enterprises and urban design in Africa: transnational knowledge, local agency and the Diamond Company of Angola (1917-1975)”, Architectures of Colonialism: constructed histories, conflicting memories, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 16 a 19 de Junho
Serrazina, B. (2021), “Fora do radar: o espaço produzido pelas companhias coloniais de exploração em África – o caso da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola”, Colóquio de doutorandos Mundos do patrimónios: temas, casos, perspetivas, III-UC, Coimbra, 23 a 24 de Junho
Serrazina, B. (2021), “Beyond national myopia: urban planning and cross-border connections between colonial pockets of utile Africa”, Doctoral workshop In-Between Spaces, Actors and Infrastructures, Neuchâtel, 01 de Outubro
Vita, F. (2021), “Unpacking colonial legacy in contemporary Guinea-Bissau.The case study of former military resettlements, built by the Portuguese army during the colonial war (1963-1974), and their post-independence layers of appropriation.”, Africa challenges, African Studies Association, Germany 2021.
Vita, F. (2021), “‘Middle-class exported’. The colonial inscription of European mass housing in Luanda, Maputo and Bissau”, Optimistic Suburbia II, Middle-Class Mass Housing Complexes International Conference, Lisbon, ISCTE-IUL, 16-18 June 2021.
Vita, F. (2021), “Colonial legacy, dwelling culture andcontemporary narratives. The case study of Ajuda neighborhood in Bissau.” Comunicação a convite no Webinar sobre investigação em Bissau, organizado pela KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm, Sweden), 2021.
Vita, F. (2022), “The entanglement between traditions and the colonial spatiality. The resilience of the Guinean domesticities in the Ajuda Neighbourhood, Bissau”, IASTE 2022: Rupture and Tradition – Disruption, Continuity and Repercurssions, Singapura, 14 – 17 Dezembro. (comunicação premiada – Eleni Bastea Award, 2022)
Vita, F. (2023). Rethinking the domestic. Questioning the colonial discourse on the ‘civilized’ and ‘uncivilized’ house. [Communication presented]. SAH-HIG and the Chelsea College of Art (UAL) Symposium “Delving Inside: A New Research Symposium on Interiors”.
Vita, F. (2023), “A house to colonize, house to decolonize. The case study of the Ajuda neighbourhood, Bissau”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 20 de Janeiro.
Vita, F. (2023). Between coding and decoding. Inquiring on the late colonial need for surveying the native settlements in Guinea-Bissau. Society of Architectural Historians 76th Annual International Conference, Virtual.
PRESENTATIONS (National)
Fiúza, F. (2022), “’A Água na valorização do Ultramar’: o povoamento do Cunene em Angola”, IX Congresso de Estudos Rurais / X Rural Report – Água, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 26-28 de Maio
Henrique, S. (2022), “Os arquivos das Obras Públicas Portuguesas custodiados pelo Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (1875-1910): valor e relevância para os Estudos Africanos”, 11º Congresso Ibérico de Estudos Africanos. Trânsitos africanos no mundo global: História e memórias, heranças e inovações (CIEA11). Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras – Ulisboa, 6 de Junho
Serrazina, B. (2021), “Na construção do Império colonial: a pegada da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola”. Encontros doutorais, 24 de Junho
ROUNDTABLES / WORKSHOPS / EXHIBITIONS
Cunha Roberto, J. (2023, org.), Mesa Redonda no Arquivo Histórico Militar, no âmbito do II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War, presidida pelo Major-General Aníbal Flambó, Diretor da Direção de História e Cultura Militar, com a participação do Major Cunha Roberto, subdiretor do Arquivo Histórico Militar, e das investigadoras do projeto Ana Vaz Milheiro e Francesca Vita. https://www.exercito.pt/pt/informacao-publica/noticias/5039
Cunha Roberto, J. (2022-2023, org.), Exposição – Ultramar Colonial (1961-1974). Lisboa: Pinto Ramalho, José Luís; Flambó, Aníbal Alves; Milheiro, Ana Vaz (comissariado).
Fernandes, A.F. (2021), Organização da Mesa-Redonda “MCMH in Mozambique” no âmbito do Congresso Internacional Optimistic Suburbia II, com a participação de Alicia Lazzarini (LSE), Jéssica Lage (Univ. Eduardo Mondlane; FAUP), Nikolai Brandes (National Museum of Denmark), Patricia Noormahomed (ETSAM), Anna Mazzolini (Politecnico di Milano), Lisbon, 17 Junho.
Fiúza, F. (2024), participante seleccionada para Workshop “Colonies, Camps and Captive Spaces of Empire” com a apresentação “Agricultural settlements promoted by the Portuguese colonial government in Angola, an overview”. Organizado por Craig Whittall. Londres, Birkbeck School of Historical Studies, 2 Julho
Milheiro, A.V. (2022), Organização da Mesa-Redonda “What Colonialism?”, no ciclo de debates “Contemporary themes in Portuguese Architecture”, com a participação de José Pedro Monteiro (CECS-UM) e Ana Fernandes (Dinâmia’cet-ISTCE, FAUP), Casa da Arquitectura Matosinhos, 5 de Março.
Rodrigues, I.L. (2023), Chair da sessão “The role of large construction companies in housing through colonial and postcolonial perspectives”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 18 – 20 de Janeiro.
Serrazina, B.; Vita, F. (2023), Chairs sessão “War Affairs: the entanglements between architecture and military apparatus in colonial Africa”, II International Congress. Colonial and Post-Colonial Landscapes – Architecture, Colonialism and War. Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 18 – 20 de Janeiro.
Serrazina, B.; Vita, F. (2022), participantes seleccionadas para Editorial Workshop, organizado pelo Architectural Histories Editorial Workshop (EAHN), ETSAM – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Junho.
Noormahomed, P. (2022), Participação no “Transnational dialogues 2022”, mesa redonda 3 “City, housing and heritage: social conflicts, citizenship and good living” com a comunicação “Modern housing from late colonial Mozambique: (re) defining an ever-changing heritage in favour of the right to the city”. Organizado por Our World Heritage, 19 Outubro.
Vita, F. (2021) Participação em ‘Difficult Heritage’ – Summer School, organizada pela Universität Basel (Switzerland) e KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden).
PhD THESIS
Noormahomed, P. (2023), “(Re)habitando la ciudad dejada. Apropiación y resignificación del proyecto moderno en Mozambique”, Tese de Doutoramento, E.T.S. Arquitectura, Universidade Politécnica de Madrid.
Beatriz Serrazina, University of Coimbra, 2024. “A Construção de um Império: Território, Conexões e Arquitectura na Companhia de Diamantes de Angola”. Orientação: Ana Vaz Milheiro e Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo
Francesca Vita, University of Porto, 2023. “Arquitectura Doméstica em diálogo. O papel da colonização portuguesa na forma de construir e habitar o espaço doméstico contemporâneo na Guiné-Bissau”. Orientação: Ana Vaz Milheiro e Ana Silva Fernandes
Other connected research
Rodrigues, I.L. (2023-2029), Contrato de Assistente de Investigação com a proposta “Beyond Modern Housing Heritage of Portuguese Influence, an Optimistic Architecture for Living. Comparative and Multi-Situated Perspectives on Modern Dwellings and Surroundings”, Concurso Estímulo ao Emprego Científico Individual (5ª edição), ISCTE-IUL – FCT [2022.00268.CEECIND].
