MCMH: Middle Class Mass Housing in Europe, Africa and Asia
The goal of the project is to carry out a compared analysis of Middle Class Mass Housing (MCMH) in Europe, Africa and Asia, introducing new case studies to deepen the existing research, made with successfully tested methodologies: survey, catalogue and contextualization of housing complexes built between the 1950s and the 1980s in Italy, Belgium,Portugal, Angola and China.
The team consists of Portuguese, Italian, Belgian, Macanese and Angolan researchers, architects, architectural historians and sociologists. External partners (Docomomo Angola, Belgium and Macao) ensure the fieldwork, assisted by 4 consultants.
ISCTE-IUL
Inês Lima Rodrigues (Co-PI)
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa
DINÂMIA’CET
Universidade Agostinho Neto
Uniersiteit Antwerpen
Politecnico di Milano
Docomomo Angola
Docomomo Belgium
Docomomo Macao
Lisbon, PT (1962-1975)
© Inês Lima Rodrigues,2021
Summary
It is intended to identify the existing housing and urban models and to map the changes after 50 years of use in order to understand how they have adapted to current (urban and social) conditions, and to support future actions.
The case studies are located in the peripheries of Milan, Antwerp, Lisbon, Luanda and Macao, in areas that they helped to consolidate, and were selected by:
1) scale;
2) number of inhabitants;
3) accessibility;
4) urban and architectural quality.
Based on on-going national studies, a cross-reading that reflects the expansion of cities in the context of demographic growth after WWII is proposed.
The impact of residential models developed by architects in European contexts will be analysed, and also their transposition to territories formerly under colonial rule.
The studies that analyse the transcontinental housing panorama under an architectural and sociological perspective are confined to some regional cases, not assuring a more global vision that includes:
1) The historical description of the physical evolution of the dwelling, the building and the neighbourhood;
2) The survey and analysis of their inhabitants’ profile;
We want to assess the resilience of these complexes, including testing and proposing ways to prolong its life by updating the functional organization of the apartments, by renewing theinfrastructures and building systems and by outlining the profile of its residents.
Special attention will be given to the way of promotion (public or private) and its effect on the profile of the current inhabitants (pioneer, recent, immigrant).
The neighbourhoods are characterized by high population density, building height (block and tower) and architectural expressions of modern affiliation. Unrelated to the built landscape by their unitary character, some complexes suggest the idea of ‘ghettoisation’. Currently, they are in full use (although some are deteriorated).
The goals will be achieved by:
Team
The team consists of Portuguese, Italian, Belgian, Macanese and Angolan researchers, architects, architectural historians and sociologists.
External partners (Docomomo Angola, Belgium and Macao) ensure the fieldwork, assisted by 4 consultants.
Sandra Marques Pereira
Researcher
Bruno Macedo Ferreira
Researcher
Madalena Corte-Real
RESEARCHER
Gaia Caramellino
RESEARCHER
Nicole De Togni
Researcher
Els De Vos
Researcher
Filomena Espírito Santo
Researcher
Rui Leão
Researcher
Results
BOOK EDITION
Caramellino, G., S. Dadour, eds. (2020), The Housing Project. Discourses, ideals, models and politics in 20th century exhibitions, Leuven, Leuven University Press, 2020. ISBN: 978946270182. [GPRC_guaranteed peer-reviewed content].
Caramellino, Gaia; Dadour, S. (2019). The Housing Project. Discourses, ideals, models and politics in 20th century exhibitions, Leuven, Leuven University Press, ISBN: 9789462701823
De Vos, E. Storgaard, U. Pottgiesser (eds.) (2019), Re-use of Modernist Buildings: a cases study handbook, UAntwerp/Erasmus+ Project of Modernist Buildings, ISBN 9789057286278, https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1694010151162165141
Eleb, Monique (2021). “Enigme A : Chez soi / pour et avec les autres?” avec Jean Corneloup & Benoît Feildel, Action Nationale de Recherche (ANR) Terhab du CNRS, De l’habitabilité à la territorialité (et retour), à propos de périurbanité, d’individus et de collectifs en interaction.
Eleb, M. (2020), La maison des Français. Discours, imaginaires, modèles (1918-1970), (avec Lionel Engrand) Bruxelles/Liège, Editions Mardaga.
Milheiro, A. V. , Rodrigues, I. L. (Coord), Silva, L. M, Serrazina, B. (Ed.) (2023). “Optimistic Suburbia 4. Full Papers’ Booklet”. Optimistic Suburbia 2 – International Conference Middle-Class Mass Housing Complexes. Lisboa, Publisher: AMDJAC (978-989-781-721-2).
Milheiro, A. V. , Rodrigues, I. L. (Coord), Silva, L. M, Serrazina, B. (Ed.) (2021).Optimistic Suburbia 2 – International Conference Proceedings, DINAMIA’CET-Iscte (978-989-781-550-8)
Milheiro, Ana Vaz (coord.); Fiúza, Filipa; Almeida, Rogério (eds.) (2018). Optimistic Suburbia 3 – The Researchers’ Perspective. Mass-Housing infrastructures (Lisbon, Luanda, Macao). Porto: AMDJAC. ISBN: 978-989-98494-4-0 https://ai-research.pt
SPECIAL ISSUES
Milheiro, A. V. , Rodrigues, I. L. (Coord), Silva, L. M, Serrazina, B. (Ed.) (2022). Optimistic Suburbia 2 – MCMH Complexes. Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios, Spring Special Issue. (issn: 2182-3030), https://revistas.rcaap.pt/cct/issue/view/1374
Jorge, Sílvia; Viegas, Sílvia (Coord) (2022) Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios, Dossier Temático n.45
“Covid-19, Housing and Middle Class: Discussing socio-spatial imbalances and materialities in the Portuguese context” https://revistas.rcaap.pt/cct/issue/view/1481
BOOKS CHAPTER
Caramellino, G. (2022), “Neglected Narratives of Post-war Italian cities. Actors and rationalities in the shaping of the ordinary residential landscape”, in Max Welch Guerra (resp.), A. Arbakan, M. Castrillo Romón and M. Pekár (a cura di), European Planning History in the 20th Century, London: Routledge, pp. 246-255 (con N. De Togni) [Inglese, in stampa]. ISBN 9781032222271.
Cardim, J. (2018). “Modular design in large-scale social housing. The work of Justino Morais 1960-1980”, Optimistic Suburbia 3 – The Researchers’ Perspective. Mass-Housing infrastructures (Lisbon, Luanda, Macao), p.237-250 Porto: AMDJAC. ISBN: 978-989-98494-40 https://ai-research.pt/
Eleb, M. (2019). Préface de Mapa da Habitação: Guia para uma terminologia específica em Arquitectura habitacional apoiada pelo Estado em Portugal [1910-1974] Mapping Public Housing: A guide to specific terminology in state subsidized residential architecture in Portugal [1910-1974) Gisela Lameira, Luciana Rocha (ed. coord.), p. 27-28 https://mappingpublichousing.up.pt/en/booklets
Fiúza, F.; Milheiro, A. V. (2019). “Colonizing and infrastructuring the Angolan territory through colonial settlements. The case of the Cela settlement”, in Silva, C.N. (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Urban Planning in Africa, Routledge, 90-106. ISBN 9781138575431.
Guerra, Isabel. O Bairro Prenda em Luanda. Resiliência social ou resiliência urbana?”, Optimistic Suburbia 3 – The Researchers’ Perspective. Mass-Housing infrastructures (Lisbon, Luanda, Macao), p.87-106, 2018. Porto: AMDJAC. ISBN: 978-989-98494-40 https://ai-research.pt/
Leão, Rui, “Macau. Políticas de Habitação e Instabilidade demográfica”, Optimistic Suburbia 3 – The Researchers’ Perspective. Mass-Housing infrastructures (Lisbon, Luanda, Macao), p. 251-259, 2018. Porto: AMDJAC. ISBN: 978-989-98494-40 https://ai-research.pt/
Rodrigues, Inês Lima (2023). “La oportunidad perdida en Lisboa: el Conjunto Residencial para la Avenida E.U.A. en el barrio de Alvalade, 1952”. In Documentos de la Arquitectura Moderna. Arquitecturas No Construidas, Barcelona, Spain: UPC, 72-91. (978-84-9880-470-6) https://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2117/346499
vv Rodrigues, Inês Lima (2020). “La huella de los arquitectos portugueses en la definición del moderno religioso en Angola. El caso de la Catedral de Sumbe (1966)”. In Templos de la Modernidad, Colección Documentos de Arquitectura Moderna, Volumen 1, pp. 154-173. Barcelona, Espanha: UPC (ISBN: 978-84-9880-879-7). https://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2117/346498
ARTICLES
Caramellino, G. (2022), “You and your neighborhood. Neighborhood, Community and Democracy in wartime architecture”, Urban Planning Vol. 7, Issue 1,, pp. 369-384. [Inglese, OAJ-Open Access Journal]– https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i1.4828, https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/4828
Caramellino, G. “Looking at the Circulation of Models and Ideas Beyond Political Barriers Is of Crucial Importance”, in D. Vais (a cura di) “Ideas at Home. Housing Concepts in Architecture”, numero monografico di siTA- studies in History and Theory of Architecture, n. 9, 2021, pp. 19-28 (con Dana Vais) [Inglese, OAJ-Open Access Journal] ISSN 2344-6544, https://sita.uauim.ro/article/
Caramellino, G, “The project of the world. Doxiadis, city and future 1955-65”, Planning Perspectives vol. 36, n. 5, 2021, pp. 1093-1095, https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2021.1964803
Caramellino, G, N. De Togni, “From rhetoric to reality”. L’Urban Design in una rivista istituzionale. JAIA, 1960-1965”, Territorio n. 86, 2019, 31-34. ISSN: 1825-8689, https://www.torrossa.com/it/resources/an/4517775
Caramellino, G., “Multiple Modernisms. Negotiating housing models during the New Deal: MoMA, 1932-1944”, in G. Caramellino, S. Dadour, a cura di, The Housing Project. Discourses, ideals, models and politics in 20th century exhibitions, Leuven, Leuven University Press, 2019, 210-244. ISBN: 9789462701823, https://journals.openedition.org/critiquedart/86659?lang=en
De Vos, Els; Spoormans, Lidwine. “Collective Housing in Belgium and the Netherlands: A Comparative Analysis”, Urban Planning (ISSN: 2183–7635) 2022, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 336–348https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i1.4750, https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/4750
Eleb, M., «Le co-living, le placement immobilier à la mode », ITW par Ludovic Clérima, Le Monde, cf. aussi: https://www.lemonde.fr/argent/article/2019/10/25/le-coliving-un-placement.
Eleb, M., «Faits de société et nouvelles spatialités. Facts of society and new spatialities» (avec Sabri Bendimérad), Barcelone, Revue T18, janvier 2020, Français et anglais
Eleb, M., «La cuisine hier et aujourd’hui», Interview par Marie Claude Morosi, Le Point, magazine, 13 février 2020, publié le 26 mars 2020.
Milheiro, Ana Vaz; Rodrigues, Inês Lima (2023). Editorial “Optimistic Suburbia 4. Full Papers’ Booklet”. Optimistic Suburbia 2 – International Conference Middle-Class Mass Housing Complexes. Lisboa, Publisher: AMDJAC, pp. 5-7. (978-989-781-721-2). https://ai-research.pt/publications/
Milheiro, Ana Vaz. “Luanda: modernization and colonization at the origins of an African mega-city”. In The Routledge handbook of planning megacities in the Global South, editado por Rukmana, Deden, 397-409. New York: Routledge, 2020., 397-409. ISBN: 978-0-367-22372-4; eBook: 978-1-003-03816-0 https://www.routledge.com/The-Routledge-Handbook-of-Planning-Megacities-in-the-Global-South/Rukmana/p/book/9781032400020
Milheiro, A. V. “África Colonial: Arquitectura e infraestruturas nos últimos anos do Estado Novo”, in Brites, J.; Correia, L.M. (coord.). Obras Públicas no Estado Novo. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2019, ISBN 978-989-26-1824-1 – Impresso / 978-989-26-1894-4 – eBook http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90903 10.14195/978-989-26-1894-4
Milheiro, A. V.; Serrazina, B. “Diamang’s Urban Project – Between the Peace of Versailles and the Colonial Act”, in Silva, C.N. (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Urban Planning in Africa, Routledge, 2019, 107-122, ISBN 9781138575431https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Urban-Planning-in-Africa/Silva/p/book/9781032086545
Milheiro, A. V. (2019). Former “Portuguese” Sub-Saharan colonial Africa: a drawing narrative”, in Janeiro, P.A. (ed.), Drawing (…) City (…) Body, Dwelling on Earth, London: CRC Press – Taylor & Francis Group, 15-19 ISBN-13: 978-0367026028 /ISBN-10: 0367026023
Milheiro, Ana Vaz (2018). “Optimistic Suburbia 3. The Researchers’ Perspective, Optimistic Suburbia 3 – The Researchers’ Perspective. Mass-Housing infrastructures (Lisbon, Luanda, Macao), p. 4-8. Porto: AMDJAC. ISBN: 978-989-98494-40 https://ai-research.pt/
Milheiro, Ana Vaz; Cardim, João, “Residential landscapes sponsored by CUF in Barreiro (1945-1972). Promotion of multi-family working-class housing in post-WWII Portugal”, Les Cahiers de la recherche architecturale urbaine et paysagère, n. 15,2022, ISSN: 2606-7498. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/craup/11178
Milheiro, Ana Vaz; Pinto, Paulo Tormenta; Miranda, Elisiário; Pinto, Pedro Luz. “From Monumentality to Diversity – Lourenço Marques between the urban plans of Aguiar and Azevedo (1950-1970)”. Planning Perspectives (2021): http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2021.2004213, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02665433.2021.2004213
Milheiro, Ana Vaz (2021). “Habitação coletiva e operária: a CUF do Barreiro”. Alfredo da Silva: Patrimónios Fabris e Requalificação Urbana. Fundação Amélia de Mello/UAL. Barreiro, 20 de Maio de 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTJNbprb_qI
Milheiro, Ana Vaz. “Late Portuguese colonialism, research, and propaganda in Africa: the promotion of territorial occupation and architectural infrastructure by the General Agency for Overseas”. The Journal of Architecture 26 2 (2021): 212-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2021.1897644.
Milheiro, Ana Vaz. “Colonial Landscapes: Cities and Infrastructures in former Portuguese Southern African colonies – A brief historiographical analysis based on the colonial transport networks”. Journal African Geogographical Review (2021): https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2021.1910851.
Pacheco, M. (2022). Middle-class mass housing between city and suburb: The case of Quinta das Lavadeiras. Revista Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura. 27, 114-129 3, DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2022.i27.07
Pereira, S.M., Corte-Real, M. Modern estates and the production of Lisbon’s suburbs: from the planned to the lived neighbourhood. City Territ Archit 9, 13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-022-00163-4
Rodrigues, Inês Lima (July 2022), “When Modern Housing Built Optimistic Suburbia: A Comparative Analysis Between Lisbon and Luanda”. Urban Planning, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp. 130–143 (ISSN: 2183–7635) https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i3.5221
Silva, Leonor Matos, Milheiro, Ana Vaz, Rodrigues, Inês Lima (2022). “What architecture for the middle-class?”. Cidades, Comunidades e Territórios, Spring Special Issue. (issn: 2182-3030 ), Doi: 10.15847/cct.27056
VIDEOS
Milheiro, A; Figueira, J., Rodrigues, I. (2021). “Arquiteturas em Português – Diálogos Emergentes”, curadoria do filme-exposição – apresenta o trabalho de 11 ateliers, de 8 territórios (Brasil, Cabo Verde, Goa, Guiné-Bissau, Macau, Moçambique, Portugal, São Tomé e Príncipe). Resultou num documentário (33’03’’) e 11 teasers (1’30’’) marcou a inauguração do 27º Congresso UIA e o 30º aniversário do CIALP, Rio de Janeiro,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYJE6bEn0ls&ab_channel=Cam%C3%B5es-CCPBras%C3%ADlia
MISSIONS
Israel (Jerusalém, Tel Aviv) (24-26/11 2019);
Israel (Tel Aviv) (jan 2020);
Milan (20-24/10/2021),
Milan-Tel’Aviv (23/11-05/12 2019);
Optimistic Suburbia II (may2021);
Belgrado 09-15/05 2022;
Antwerp 5-9 may 2022);
Antwerp (6 a 21 de april, 2022)
Thessaloniki (27-30 september 2022)
EVENTS
OPTIMISTIC SUBURBIA 2 International Conference Optimitist Suburbia 2, Middle-Class Mass Housing Complexes (June 2021, ISCTE-IUL)
